The Extreme Edition Gets A Speed Bump
Like its predecessor, the Intel Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 965 with Hyper-Threading technology boasts 1066 FSB, 4 MB total L2 cache configured as 2 x 2MB per core, Intel Virtualization Technology, Execute Disable Bit, and Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology. The Extreme Edition platform provides the horsepower and new capabilities that allow PC enthusiasts the flexibility to address the robust content creation and multitasking expectations of the high-end desktop market segment. Below is a chart comparing the latest Extreme Edition processor to the previous two flagship processors that it has replaced.
Intel Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 965
* 3.73 GHz dual core processor with Hyper-Threading Technology
* 1066 FSB
* 4 MB total L2 cache configured as 2 x 2MB per core
* Intel Virtualization Technology
* Execute Disable Bit
* Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)
The Intel 965 Processor
The 965 comes clocked at 3.73GHz (14.0 x 267MHz) with a 1066MHz front side bus. If this clock frequency rings a bell it should as it is the same core speed as Intel's fastest single core Extreme Edition processor, the Prescott-based chip Intel 3.73GHz EE that was launched in Feburary 2005. There are two separate 'Cedar Mill' cores on the same package that make up the Presler core. Many call the Presler the first true dual-core Intel processor.
If you are thinking of getting one of these processors Intel recommends using the Delta EPS12V 600W ? DPS-600MB M power supply or equivalent with a 2x4 (instead of a 2x2) 12V2 connector to provide headroom and allow for more current and power to be delivered to the processor. The processor Vcc, Icc, and power specifications provided with the Intel Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 955 still apply to the new Intel Pentium Processor Extreme Edition 965. Now that we know what the Intel 965 is all about let's take a look at the new stepping.
Sunday, May 31, 2009
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Treating Arteriovenous Malformation (avm) of the Brain
Characterized by headaches and seizures, an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain is a derivative of arteriovenous malformation, a disorder of the body’s circulatory system. An AVM of the brain, also known as a cerebral AVM, is a malformed group of blood vessels composed of an intricate tangle of arteries and veins. Though localized, cerebral AVMs can lead to severe neurological problems. Research in the field of arteriovenous malformation is growing particularly with noninvasive treatment options.
What are cerebral AVMs?
Cerebral AVMs may form during prenatal stages of a child’s development, either during embryonic or fetal growth. Studies have found a certain number of cases form shortly after birth; however, the condition frequently presents in adults in their 20s or 30s. Cerebral AVMs are commonly misdiagnosed, with most cases found only incidentally through the performance of CT (computed tomography) scans on the brain. Patients complain of regular headaches and seizures before diagnosis.
Other neurological complications can develop including speech and visual difficulty, dizziness, memory deficits, confusion, hallucinations, dementia and difficulty with event planning. Physical side effects range from loss of coordination, numbness, tingling and spontaneous pain to permanent paralysis. Patients’ symptoms are directly associated with the location of the cerebral AVM with certain sites causing hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is caused by a cerebral AVM preventing the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid thereby causing fluid build-up in the skull.
What are the potential health consequences of cerebral AVMs?
Hemorrhaging is the most common side effect of patients experiencing cerebral AVM. The size and location of the cerebral AVM determines the patient’s likelihood of experiencing hemorrhaging. Research has found between 2 and 4 percent of all AVMs to hemorrhage each year with most episodes going undetected. Minor hemorrhaging does not cause neurological damage, hence the reason patients and doctors remain unaware it takes place. On the other hand, massive hemorrhaging has been documented with some cases being fatal. Once a cerebral AVM bleeds, the risk of hemmorahaging again within the next year is nine times as likely. Though research has grown extensively, doctors are still unable to predict whether a patient with cerebral AVM will or will not experience hemorrhaging.
While there is no definitive research, doctors have found certain cases to have a higher likelihood of causing bleeding. Though it may seem contradictory, smaller AVMs have a greater chance of hemorrhaging than larger ones. Increased blood pressure and blood volume from being pregnant also increases a patient’s potential for bleeding. Lastly, deeply situated AVMs with extremely narrow veins impair proper drainage leading to an increased risk for hemorrhaging.
Once again, the location of the hemorrhaging AVM is directly proportionate to the side effects of hemorrhaging. Bleeding AVMs situated deep within the brain, called intracerebral or parenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, cause the most damage.
In addition to brain hemorrhaging, AVMs on their own can inflict harsh brain and spinal dysfunctions. Patients who experience severe side effects are typically victims of one of three problems. Aside from hemorrhaging, AVMs reduce oxygen reaching neurological tissues and compress and displace parts of the brain. The larger the lesion, the greater chance of the latter problem occurring with certain AVMs reaching up to 2.5 inches in diameter. Certain lesions have been documented to distort an entire hemisphere of the brain.
What are cerebral AVMs?
Cerebral AVMs may form during prenatal stages of a child’s development, either during embryonic or fetal growth. Studies have found a certain number of cases form shortly after birth; however, the condition frequently presents in adults in their 20s or 30s. Cerebral AVMs are commonly misdiagnosed, with most cases found only incidentally through the performance of CT (computed tomography) scans on the brain. Patients complain of regular headaches and seizures before diagnosis.
Other neurological complications can develop including speech and visual difficulty, dizziness, memory deficits, confusion, hallucinations, dementia and difficulty with event planning. Physical side effects range from loss of coordination, numbness, tingling and spontaneous pain to permanent paralysis. Patients’ symptoms are directly associated with the location of the cerebral AVM with certain sites causing hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is caused by a cerebral AVM preventing the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid thereby causing fluid build-up in the skull.
What are the potential health consequences of cerebral AVMs?
Hemorrhaging is the most common side effect of patients experiencing cerebral AVM. The size and location of the cerebral AVM determines the patient’s likelihood of experiencing hemorrhaging. Research has found between 2 and 4 percent of all AVMs to hemorrhage each year with most episodes going undetected. Minor hemorrhaging does not cause neurological damage, hence the reason patients and doctors remain unaware it takes place. On the other hand, massive hemorrhaging has been documented with some cases being fatal. Once a cerebral AVM bleeds, the risk of hemmorahaging again within the next year is nine times as likely. Though research has grown extensively, doctors are still unable to predict whether a patient with cerebral AVM will or will not experience hemorrhaging.
While there is no definitive research, doctors have found certain cases to have a higher likelihood of causing bleeding. Though it may seem contradictory, smaller AVMs have a greater chance of hemorrhaging than larger ones. Increased blood pressure and blood volume from being pregnant also increases a patient’s potential for bleeding. Lastly, deeply situated AVMs with extremely narrow veins impair proper drainage leading to an increased risk for hemorrhaging.
Once again, the location of the hemorrhaging AVM is directly proportionate to the side effects of hemorrhaging. Bleeding AVMs situated deep within the brain, called intracerebral or parenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, cause the most damage.
In addition to brain hemorrhaging, AVMs on their own can inflict harsh brain and spinal dysfunctions. Patients who experience severe side effects are typically victims of one of three problems. Aside from hemorrhaging, AVMs reduce oxygen reaching neurological tissues and compress and displace parts of the brain. The larger the lesion, the greater chance of the latter problem occurring with certain AVMs reaching up to 2.5 inches in diameter. Certain lesions have been documented to distort an entire hemisphere of the brain.
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